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基于荧光原位杂交技术的UASB颗粒污泥中苯酚降解微生物生态位分化研究 Article

Kengo Kubota, Kei Igarashi, Masayoshi Yamada, Yasuyuki Takemura, Yu-You Li, Hideki Harada

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 61-66 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.012

摘要：研究发现，互营杆菌（Syntrophorhabdaceae）和隐杆厌氧菌（Cryptanaerobacter）的克隆是苯酚降解的主要原因。设计了三种寡核苷酸探针用于检测以下三个分类群：互营杆菌、隐杆厌氧菌和互养菌。对厌氧颗粒薄片的FISH 分析显示细菌和古菌呈随机分布。然而，互营杆菌、隐杆厌氧菌和互养菌分布明确。在颗粒细胞的外层发现了隐杆厌氧菌和互养菌，两者关系密切，而互营杆菌则位于颗粒细胞的深层。细菌之间的代谢联系和对底物的亲和力很可能是造成这种特殊分布的原因。研究人员观察到颗粒污泥中苯酚的降解主要通过以下方式进行：首先，隐杆厌氧菌将苯酚转化为苯甲酸盐，然后被互养菌降解为乙酸盐。苯酚的这种互饲降解发生在颗粒表面附近，此处苯酚浓度较高。在苯酚浓度较低的颗粒深部，互营杆菌将苯酚降解为乙酸盐。结果表明，互营杆菌不太可能产生苯甲酸盐，并将其作为中间产物来喂养邻近的生物，这一点与以往研究所提出的理论相矛盾。

关键词：隐杆厌氧菌（Cryptanaerobacteri>）荧光原位杂交苯酚厌氧降解互营杆菌（Syntrophorhabdaceae）互养菌（Syntrophusi>）

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2018—2019年我国北方地区奶牛临床型乳房炎源肺炎克雷伯菌的分子特征 Article

宋士凯, 何文娟, 杨大伟, Manar Benmouffok, 王瑶, 李基云, 孙城涛, 宋祥彬, 马士珍, 蔡畅, 丁双阳, 吴聪明, 沈张奇, 汪洋

《工程（英文）》 2022年第10卷第3期页码 146-154 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.01.015

摘要：

肺炎克雷伯菌是奶牛乳房炎的重要诱因，常引起奶牛的产奶量降低和死亡率增高。目前尚缺乏奶牛乳房炎源肺炎克雷伯菌分子特征的研究数据，限制了对其在食品生产链中传播风险的评估。本研究于2018—2019 年从我国北方地区患临床型乳房炎奶牛中采集了6301 份奶样，共分离到183 株肺炎克雷伯菌，两年的平均分离率分别为3.03%和2.80%。与人类临床肺炎克雷伯菌分离株相似，奶牛临床型乳房炎源肺炎克雷伯菌分离株可分为肺炎克雷伯菌(KpI，143 株）、准肺炎克雷伯菌（KpII-B，37 株）和变栖肺炎克雷伯菌（KpIII，3 株）三个种群。

关键词：临床型乳房炎肺炎克雷伯菌分子特征种群结构抗生素耐药性

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从H1N1血凝素序列提取的沙门氏菌传递的COBRA-HA1抗原对甲型流感亚型产生广谱保护作用 Article

Ram Prasad Aganja, Amal Senevirathne, Chandran Sivasankar, John Hwa Lee

《工程（英文）》 2024年第32卷第1期页码 42-57 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.001

摘要：

A universal vaccine is in high demand to address the uncertainties of antigenic drift and the reduced effectiveness of current influenza vaccines. In this study, a strategy called computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) was used to generate a consensus sequence of the hemagglutinin globular head portion (HA1) of influenza virus samples collected from 1918 to 2021 to trace evolutionary changes and incorporate them into the designed constructs. Constructs carrying different HA1 regions were delivered into eukaryotic cells by Salmonella-mediated bactofection using a Semliki Forest virus RdRp-dependent eukaryotic expression system, pJHL204. Recombinant protein expression was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Mice immunized with the designed constructs produced a humoral response, with a significant increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, and a cell-mediated immune response, including a 1.5-fold increase in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. Specifically, constructs #1 and #5 increased the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) producing CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, skewing the response toward the T helper type 1 cell (Th1) pathway. Additionally, interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing T cells were upregulated 4-fold. Protective efficacy was demonstrated, with up to 4-fold higher production of neutralizing antibodies and a hemagglutination inhibition titer > 40 against the selected viral strains. The designed constructs conferred a broadly protective immune response, resulting in a notable reduction in viral titer and minimal inflammation in the lungs of mice challenged with the influenza A/PR8/34, A/Brisbane/59/2007, A/California/07/2009, KBPV VR-92, and NCCP 43021 strains. This discovery revolutionizes influenza vaccine design and delivery; Salmonella-mediated COBRA-HA1 is a highly effective in vivo antigen presentation strategy. This approach can effectively combat seasonal H1N1 influenza strains and potential pandemic outbreaks.

关键词： COBRA Influenza A Salmonella Vaccine Broad spectral protection

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医院中子照射器I型堆超热中子束流孔道的优化设计

江新标,朱养妮,赵柱民,陈立新,周永茂

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第8期页码 33-37

摘要：

采用蒙特卡罗程序(Monte Carlo neutron and photo transport code, MCNP)对医院中子照射器I型堆

关键词：医院中子照射器I型堆超热中子束流中子通量密度

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假单胞菌环状脂肽Medpeptin的生物合成及其调控植物免疫的作用机制 Article

谷医林, 李俊州, 李彦, 从珅, 王静, 马毅楠, 魏海雷

《工程（英文）》 2023年第28卷第9期页码 153-165 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.016

摘要：假单胞菌环状脂肽在结构和生物活性上极其复杂和多样化。但是，目前对环状脂肽的结构及其与植物互作中的功能认识仍比较有限。本研究从地中海假单胞菌中鉴定了一种由22个氨基酸组成的新型的环状脂肽medpeptin，该脂肽由一个非核糖体肽合成酶基因簇合成并受群体感应系统调节。

关键词：假单胞菌环状脂肽细胞死亡富含异亮氨酸的延伸蛋白类受体激酶

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2008—2017年河南省腹泻患者来源单相鼠伤寒沙门菌ST34的基因组流行病学特征研究 Article

穆玉娇, 李瑞超, 杜鹏程, 张沛, 李岩, 崔生辉, Séamus Fanning, 白莉

《工程（英文）》 2022年第15卷第8期页码 34-44 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.006

摘要：

单相鼠伤寒沙门菌（Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, S. 4,[5],12:i:-）作为鼠伤寒沙门菌的变种，已成为全球公共卫生领域备受关注的新兴血清型本研究对2008-2017年分离自腹泻患者的100株序列型34型（ST34）S. 4,[5],12:i:-开展的流行情况、耐药表型和群体基因组学的分析发现：多数菌株对氨苄西林、链霉素、综上，多重耐药S. 4,[5],12:i:-菌株在中国的流行情况日益严重，且进化为携带不同耐药基因的多个谱系，需采取有效措施控制此人畜共患病原体的传播，并基于“同一健康&rdquo

关键词：单相鼠伤寒沙门菌 ST34 流行系统发育中国谱系

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Development of a new method for RMR and Q classification method to optimize support system in tunneling

Asghar RAHMATI,Lohrasb FARAMARZI,Manouchehr SANEI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 448-455 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0262-x

摘要： Rock mass classification system is very suitable for various engineering design and stability analysis. classification method is confirmed by Japan Highway Public Corporation that this method can figure out either strength or deformability of rock mass, further appropriating the amount of rock bolts, thickness of shotcrete, and size of pitch of steel ribs just after the blasting procedure. Based on these advantages of method, in this study, according to data of five deep and long tunnels in Iran, two equations for estimating the value of method from and classification systems were developed. These equations as a new method were able to optimize the support system for and classification systems. From classification and its application in these case studies, it is pointed out that the method for the design of support systems in underground working is more reliable than the and classification systems.

关键词： JH classification Q and RMR classification new method

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抗白粉病基因 Pm40i> 在我国“后 Pm21i> 时代”小麦育种中的重要作用 Perspective

唐圣雯,胡玉亭,钟胜福,罗培高

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第4期页码 500-506 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.06.004

摘要：

由小麦白粉菌[Blumeria graminis f. sp.

关键词：小麦白粉病 Pm21i> Pm40i> 外源基因内源抗性

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NiFeRuO_xi> nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期页码 1698-1706 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2334-8

摘要： The electrocatalyst NiFeRuO_x/NF, comprised of NiFeRuO_x nanosheets grown on Ni foam, was synthesized using a hydrothermal process followed by thermal annealing. NiFeRuO_x/NF displays high electrocatalytic activity and stability for overall alkaline seawater splitting: 98 mV@ 10 mA∙cm⁻² in hydrogen evolution reaction, 318 mV@ 50 mA∙cm⁻² in oxygen evolution reaction, and a cell voltage of 1.53 V@ 10 mA∙cm⁻², as well as 20 h of durability. A solar-driven system containing such a bifunctional NiFeRuO_x/NF has an almost 100% Faradaic efficiency. The NiFeRuO_x coating around Ni foam is an anti-corrosion layer and also a critical factor for enhancement of bifunctional performances.

关键词： NiFeRuO_x nanosheets Ni foam electrocatalysis overall seawater splitting solar-driven system

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2014—2016年食品动物源RE-cmeABCi>阳性弯曲菌流行与耐药性现状 Article

刘德俊, 刘蔚雯, 李星, 姚红, 沈张奇, 汪洋, 沈建忠

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第1期页码 34-39 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.013

摘要：脉冲场凝胶电泳分型（PFGE）结果显示RE-cmeABC阳性菌株在上海和广东地区以水平传播为主，在山东地区以克隆传播为主；三株分离于上海和广东的阳性菌为同一克隆型，4株分离于上海和山东的阳性菌为同一克隆型

关键词： RE- cmeABC i> 弯曲菌环丙沙星氟苯尼考

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A highly efficient methodology for the preparation of

Yongxin Zhang, Shucheng Wang, Yaodong Huang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 679-686 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1979-9

摘要： A convenient and highly efficient method is described for the synthesis of -methoxycarbazole derivatives, including those with sterically demanding, benzannulated, or strongly electron-donating or -withdrawing substituents. Various -methoxycarbazole derivatives were directly prepared in good-to-moderate yields by the Pd (dba) CHCl /9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene-catalyzed reactions of the corresponding dibromobiphenyl compounds and methoxya-mine. Based on this methodology, the first total synthesis of 3,3′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis(9-methoxy-9 -carbazole), an antimicrobial dimeric carbazole alkaloid previously isolated from the stem bark of , was achieved in 18% yield over seven steps from 1,2-dibromobenzene.

关键词： N-methoxyl carbazole dimeric N-methoxyl carbazole alkaloid total synthesis double N-arylation of methoxyamine

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通过 B i>位Ta置换对 AB i> O₄型EuNbO₄的热学和力学性质进行优化 Article

陈琳, 冯晶

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第2期页码 177-184 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.006

摘要：

铁弹性的ABO₄型RETaO₄陶瓷和RENbO₄陶瓷（RE表示稀土）是具有潜在应用价值的热障涂层（TBC）材料，研究人员正在对其进行大量研究。结果显示， RETaO₄陶瓷的力学性质优于RENbO₄陶瓷的力学性质。在本研究中，我们通过B位钽（Ta）置换对利用固相法（SSR）制备的EuNbO₄陶瓷的热学和力学性质进行优化。我们使用X射线衍射（XRD）法和拉曼光谱技术对所制备的晶体结构进行确认，并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对结构表面的微观形貌进行观察。结果表明，通过B位Ta置换可以有效提高EuNbO₄陶瓷的杨氏模量和热膨胀系数（TEC），且其最大值分别为169 GPa和1.12×10⁻⁵ K⁻¹（1200 ℃）； EuNbO₄陶瓷的热导率被降低至1.52 W·K^–1·m^–1（700 ℃），且材料的抗热辐射能力得到了改善。我们建立了声子热扩散系数与温度之间的关系，用以通过消除热辐射效应来确定声子本征热导率。研究结果表明，通过B位Ta置换能够有效优化EuNbO₄的热学和力学性质，从而使得此种材料在将来可成为一种高温结构陶瓷材料。

关键词：热障涂层，稀土铌酸盐，置换，热导率，热膨胀系数，杨氏模量

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Traces and echoes of De Architecturai> by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in the work of Xu Guangqi in 17th

Michela CIGOLA,Yibing FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 3-11 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0359-5

摘要：

This study aims to investigate the role played by Xu Guangqi (1562–1633), minister of the Ming Dynasty, in the development of European scientific and technical knowledge in China between the 16th and 17th centuries by analyzing a book of Western technology that he wrote, namely, Taixi Shuifa (On Western Hydraulics). Several Western books related to machine knowledge are searched to trace the source of the illustrations in Taixi Shuifa. We found that Archimedes’ screw and Ctesibius’ machine, which are included in Vitruvius’ De Architectura volumes, also appear in the work of Xu Guangqi.

关键词： Vitruvius’ De Architectura Xu Guangqi’s Taixi Shuifa Jesuit missionaries Italian Renaissance drawing representation

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Accounting for the uncertainties in the estimation of average shear wave velocity using – correlations

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1199-1208 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0749-1

摘要： Site-specific seismic hazard analysis is crucial for designing earthquake resistance structures, particularly in seismically active regions. Shear wave velocity ( V _S) is a key parameter in such analysis, although the economy and other factors restrict its direct field measurement in many cases. Various V _S–SPT– N correlations are routinely incorporated in seismic hazard analysis to estimate the value of V _S. However, many uncertainties question the reliability of these estimated V _S values. This paper comes up with a statistical approach to take care of such uncertainties involved in V _S calculations. The measured SPT– N values from all the critical boreholes were converted into statistical parameters and passed through various correlations to estimate V _S at different depths. The effect of different soil layers in the boreholes on the Vs estimation was also taken into account. Further, the average shear wave velocity of the top 30 m soil cover ( V _S30) is estimated after accounting for various epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. The scattering nature of the V _S values estimated using different V _S– N correlations was reduced significantly with the application of the methodology. Study results further clearly demonstrated the potential of the approach to eliminate various uncertainties involved in the estimation of V _S30 using general and soil-specific correlations.

关键词： uncertainties V _S– N correlations V _S30 SPT data statistical methodology

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RR1i> and RR2i> gene deletion affects the immunogenicity of a live attenuated pseudorabies

Shijun YAN,He YAN,Chaolin ZHANG,Tongyan WANG,Qingyuan YANG,Zhe SUN,Yan XIAO,Feifei TAN,Xiangdong LI,Kegong TIAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 81-86 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016088

摘要： As virulence-determining genes, and encode the small subunit and large subunit of viral ribonucleotide reductase (RR) in pseudorabies virus which have been extensively studied in mice. However, their role in pigs has not been adequately investigated. In this study, we deleted and genes based on a / / triple gene-deleted pseudorabies virus and tested its efficacy in pigs as a vaccine candidate. The rescued virus showed similar growth properties and plaque size as its parent strain. In an animal study, the virus could elicit humoral immune responses shown by generation of gB-specific antibodies and virus neutralizing antibodies. However, vaccination could not provide protection against virulent pseudorabies virus challenge since vaccinated pigs showed clinical pseudorabies-specific syndromes. The deficiency in protection may due to the generation of late and low levels of gB antibodies and virus neutralizing antibodies.

关键词： pseudorabies virus RR1 and RR2 ribonucleotide reductase vaccine candidate